Part 1
New thunderbolts of GROM
by Remigiusz Wilk (REMOV)
A visit of US SOCOM commander in Warsaw has become an excuse for presentation of the newest weaponry of WFS GROM. Some arms and equipment, until now only rumored to be in the unit's arsenal, were publicly shown for the first time.
Admiral Eric T. Olson - referring to training, conceptual and battle cooperation of American and Polish special units - announced development of the said cooperation. According to commander of Special Military units GEN-MAJ W. Potasiński this includes cooperation in operational-strategic training of commanders from Special Military Command (DWS), which should result in the highest level of DWS command abilities. The cooperation is also important for building the basis of the development plan until 2018.
The presentation included weapons bought from Cenzin in 2006:
- 5.7 mm machine guns FN P90 TR (Triple Rail), equipped with three universal mounting rails
- 5.56 mm automatic carbines FN F2000 Tactical, with the mount rail on the back of the lock chamber, equipped with spare mechanical aiming devices
and weapons bought from Cenzin this year:
- 5.56 mm sub-carbines H&K HK416D10RS
- 5.56 carbines H&K HK416D145RS with 40 mm grenade launchers H&K GLM (AG-HK416 revision)
Suppport weapons were also presented:
- High caliber 12.7 mm Barret M107
- Middle caliber 7.62 mm KAC SR-25 and 8.6 mm AI AWM-F
- The newest Swedish 84 mm anti-armor grenade launcher SAAB Bofors Dynamics Carl Gustav M3
- Polish 60 mm mortar OBR SM LM-60K from Tarnów - praised by the operators for its effectiveness in Afghanistan (another ZM Tarnów's product - high caliber 12.7 mm machine gun - was also praised)
- British high caliber 12.7 mm machine gun M2 QCB
A demonstration in front of GROM barracks during the official visit of Admiral Eric T. Olson, US Special Operations Command (US SOCOM), invited by Polish Special Military Commander MAJ-GEN Włodzimierz Potasiński.
Butt-less rifles with no excitement: P90 and F2000
Butt-less rifles eliminate the main problems of disposing empty cases in vicinity of the shooter's face.
FN P90 is mainly used during protection of VIPs. This Belgian machine pistol combines small mass and dimensions (length 500 mm, mass with loaded magazine a little more than 3.2 kg) with high fire power due to its 50-bullet magazine and new pistol ammunition 5.7 mm x 30 - specifically designed for passing through ballistic protections.
Machine pistol FN P90 TR (shown here with the sound muffler) is mainly used for VIPs protection
Small number of FN F2000 have been bought to test whether or not the butt-less weapons would be useful in special operations. Although GROM operators are pleased with the butt-less weapons there are no plans of moving to this kind of weaponry - which is caused by the fact that training procedures are based on classical systems, especially those which preserve the locations of manipulators of M4/M4A1 carbine. For example, the newest American weapon for special units - Mk 16/Mk 17 SCAR - practically copies the M4 external interface.
GROM has obtained several Fn F2000 carbines and even though the commandos are pleased with them they will continue using classical system mainly because of the training procedures
New standard: HK416
The newest family of rifle design, based on the German 5.56 mm automatic carbine HK416, is to become the basic GROM weapon - thus eliminating the previously used M4A1 clones manufactured by Knight's Armament Co. (KAC) and Bushmaster. What's interesting - the shorter version of HK416 (HK416D10RS with 264 barrel) will be bought in greater numbers than the regular length HK416D145RS (368 mm barrel) - same as M4A1. A sign of times related to the stress on urban terrain combat? And even though the mass of the German carbine is greater than the mass of Colt M4A1 (RO977) the former offers greater reliability and longevity.
- Mass of basic HK416D145RS with 30-bullet empty steel magazine - 3.54 kg, mass of Colt M4A1 (RO977) - 2.79 kg
- Mass of shorter variant HK416D10RS - 2.99 kg, mass of sub-carbine M4 Commando (RO933) - 2.55 kg
(One has to remember that the those numbers are significantly greater when ammunition and grenade launchers are included.)
The newest GROM's purchase - 5.56 mm sub-carbine HK416D10RS with the aimer ELCAN SpecterDR (SU-230/PVS) and the laser target pointer Laser Devices DBAL-A2 (AN/PEQ-15A)
This reliability and longevity of the German design have been attained by elimination of the M16/M4 Achilles' heel - Stoner's gas system (a thin pipe to direct the gases from the barrel to bolt carrier and replacing it by the system with piston and piston rod. Even though the original solution has its advantages - simpler design and elimination of movable elements, which results in better accuracy - it has however several disadvantages: more contamination (the remains of the powder) gets into the lock chamber - heating it up - and making it vulnerable to frequent jams.
No contamination enters the inside of the carbine with the piston and piston rod system. There is also no direct interaction of hot gases on bolt carrier or the lock chamber. Consequently such design is more reliable, has longer life span and correctly operates in any environment - even in a desert one with great amount of dust, and requires less maintenance.
Automatic carbine HK416D145RS with under-barrel grenade launcher AG-HK416 (ELM), holographic aimer EOTech HWS.553 (SU-231/PEQ), DBAL-A2 (AN/PEQ-15A) and Surefire flashlight. Notice the two-dimensional barcode on the aimer and the pointer, which is used by all American equipment and weaponry since last year (all having NSN numbers; that is, existing in the logistical system of American Armed Forces).
The appearance of HK416 has caused great interest in the weapons market. After it found its way to the American special elite unit SFOD-D (Delta Force) it quickly replaced the Colt product there. From the outside the carbine looks exactly as the well known M4A1 - for which special training procedures has been created for the American special units and copied by similar formations all over the world, and for which SOPMOD program has been also created - resulting in thousands of various accessories for this rifle. But internally the German design is much more reliable than the original one.
From the marketing point of view the HK416 design was an excellent move because the H&K has become the most important player as a supplier of the better replacement of M4 in special units and later in regular units. The H&K success has caused the revolution among the American manufacturers of the M16/M4 clones, who have begun manufacturing their own solutions of this kind: LWRC, LMT, Bushmaster, POF-USA, Barrett. Even the Colt itself has joined the race.
Optical electronics for special units: DBAL-A2 i SpecterDR
To understand a phenomenon of M4 popularity in special units one has to realize that this is mainly a result of SOPMOD program; that is, the introduction of the Picatinny universal mount rail (MIL-STD-1913) and various accessories to be freely mounted on that rail. In asymmetric conflicts, where the infantry plays the main role, anything that creates an instantaneous - even very minute - advantage over a similarly equipped enemy counts. This is why the various additional accessories are so important. They are not to be seen as useless gadgets. In hands of a well trained professional operator they become the elements helping him in operational success and preserving his ability for further actions. The weapon itself is still the most important element of the shooting system, but its summary effectiveness also depends on various accessories used.
The newest variant of the 84 mm grenade launcher Carl Gustav M3 (with night vision device), used by special units for destruction of reinforced resistance posts. Poland has bought in early 1990s 27 grenade launchers Carl Gustav M2 for use by Nadwiślańskie Jednostki Wojskowe MSW (MSWiA) (Vistula River Military Units of Ministry of Internal Affairs). After those units have been dissolved the launchers were later used by air cavalry and GROM.
It is therefore not a surprise that the most important Polish special units buys accessories, which are among the world's best. They include:
- Holographic aimer EOTech HWS, currently the basic equipment in entire Polish armed forces
- Laser target pointer Devices DBAL-A2 (Dual Beam Aiming Laser, Advanced2) (also used by American armed forces - designation AN/PEQ-15A).
Under weak lighting condition the range of the laser pointer - while working in the visual light (635 nm) - reaches 450 m, in sun - 30 m. When working in infrared light (835 nm) the range is up to 600 m or 2000 m - depending on the power selected. The dimensions of the device are 48 x 85 x 74 mm, the mass with batteries - 232 g. The 3V battery is good for five hours of continuous work. The body of the pointer is made of anodized aluminum. The DBAL-A2 is water-resistant to the depth of 3 m.